【同义词辨析】 2019-08-22 排除exclude-suspend
exclude: implies a keeping out of what is already outside by or as if by closing some barrier: children under 17 are ~d from the movie. (来自词根CLUS表示to close关闭,因此exclude好像是把人关闭在外,又如exclude反义词include,occlusion(血管)闭塞,recluse隐居者,seclude与世隔绝 exclusive shop专卖店,exclusive news独家新闻,exclusive offer特供,exclusive housing排除特定种族的房产,都来自exclude把人关在外的意思,exclusive反义词inclusive包容的广泛的,如inclusive development包容性发展,是共享发展成果,让社会大众尤其是弱势群体能够有尊严地维护和实现自身的根本利益) (barrier关卡栅栏,防止他人进入refers to something such as a fence or wall that is put in place to prevent people from moving easily from one area to another如the demonstrators broke through heavy police barriers示威者冲破警方层层设防,barrier还比喻人际交往的隔阂阻碍,制度上的障碍,或难以突破的特定数量)
debar: stresses the effectiveness of an existent barrier in excluding a person or class from what is open and accessible to others: arbitrary standards that effectively ~ most female candidates.
eliminate: implies a getting rid of what is already within, typically as a constituent part or element: a company's plans to ~ a fourth of its work force. constituent表示组成部分,强调本质构成的部分essential and formative part还表示选区选民,派生词constitution宪法 (如mobile payment eliminates the need to carry a lot of cash有了移动支付就用不着携带很多现金,如this diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body这种饮食据称排除体内毒素,如the elimination of disease/poverty/crime/illiteracy/a football team消除疾病/贫困/犯罪/文盲/淘汰一支橄榄球队,如《摆脱贫困》出版于1992年,可以用《elimination of poverty》)
suspend: implies temporary and usually disciplinary removal, as from a membership in an organization, or restraining, as from functioning or expression: a student ~ed for possession of drugs.
exclude排除,不准进: 指被排除的人始终在外边(没有进来过)好像被关在门外,debar排除: 强调该区域对其它人开放,eliminate清除消除: 指排除的东西已在内部,通常是自身组成部分,suspend暂停: 指暂时被组织排除或被限制职权言论,通常是纪律处分
记忆方法: 1)首字母EDES种子<==排除
2)排除的意思是关放在外边mean to shut or put out.